Neutropenic Diet . This diet helps protect them from bacteria and other harmful organisms found in some food and drinks. If your immune system is not working well, your body may have a hard time protecting itself from these bacteria. Cooking foods (like beef, chicken, fish, and eggs) completely makes sure that all bacteria are destroyed. Who Needs to Follow a Neutropenic Diet? Doctors often recommend this diet before and after certain types of chemotherapy and other cancer treatments. A blood test called an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) can help determine the body’s ability to fight off infection. Many cancer patients have this blood test done routinely. When the ANC is less than 5. A low sodium diet can have great health benefits. Sodium is necessary in your diet. However, too much sodium can affect various body systems. This diet should be followed until the doctor tells the patient to resume his or her regular diet. Patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplants typically follow this diet during the pre- transplant chemotherapy and for the first 3 or more months after transplant. Patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplants typically follow this diet during the pre- transplant chemotherapy and continue on it until they no longer take immunosuppressive drugs. The transplant team will tell the patient how long to follow this diet. People who have had an organ transplant or who are being treated for HIV/AIDS also may need to follow this diet. If you are not sure if you should follow this diet, check with your doctor, nurse, or dietitian. The following pages list the foods you should choose when you are on a neutropenic diet. Foods you should avoid are also listed. Please check with your doctor, nurse, or dietitian if you have questions about the diet or safe food preparation. Some general tips include: Avoid all fresh fruits and vegetables, including all fresh garnishes. Cooked vegetables, canned fruits, and juices are fine. Avoid raw or rare- cooked meat, fish, and eggs. Congestive heart failure (CHF) occurs when the heart does not pump efficiently and does not deliver enough oxygen to your body. Many diseases lead to CHF, such as. The purpose of a fluid-restriction diet. The following pages list the foods you should choose when you are on a neutropenic diet. Foods you should avoid are also listed. Please check with your doctor, nurse. Continued Palliative care. Palliative care is a kind of care for people who have a serious illness. It's different from care to cure your illness. How to Follow a Low Sodium Diet. Government recommends that adults only consume 2,300 milligrams of sodium (1 teaspoon) per day, though other organizations. The Paleolithic diet (also called the paleo diet, caveman diet or stone-age diet) is based mainly on foods presumed to have been available to Paleolithic humans. Meat should be cooked to the “well- done” stage. All eggs should be thoroughly cooked (no runny yolks). Avoid salad bars, fruit bars, and deli counters. Buy vacuum- packed lunch meats rather than freshly sliced meats. Diet For Renal Patient Fluid & Fluid Control. Kidneys help control the amount of fluid that leaves your body. If your kidney disease progresses, your kidneys may be. Avoid raw nuts. You may eat baked products with these ingredients. Make sure all of the dairy products you eat are pasteurized. Avoid yogurt and yogurt products with live and active cultures. Be safe in the way you handle foods. Low-Purine Diet. Purines (PYUR-eenz) are found in many foods, especially organ meats, anchovies, mackerel, and sardines. Purines make up 15 percent of the uric acid. PDR+ Patient Drug Information written by clinical pharmacists from the Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR). This patient-friendly drug information is designed to help. Wash your hands before handling food. Wash all surfaces, cutting boards and cutting utensils thoroughly. Keep hot food hot and cold food cold. If you choose to use bottled water, be sure it is labeled as follows: Reverse osmosis or Distillation or filtered through an absolute. Well water is OK if it is boiled for at least 1 minute. Beverages. Foods to Choose. Foods to Avoid Instant and brewed decaf or regular coffee and tea. Any others, such as cold brewed tea or sun tea Individual cans or bottles of carbonated beverages Tap, bottled and distilled water. Ice made with tap water Brewed herbal teas All canned, bottled and powdered beverages and sports drinks Starches (including breads, crackers, cereal, and potatoes)Foods to Choose. Foods to Avoid All types of bread, rolls, English muffins, fruit muffins, bagels, sweet rolls, donuts Breads and rolls with raw nuts Waffles Cereals containing raw nuts French toast, pancakes. Raw oats Potato chips, corn chips, tortilla chips, pretzels, popcorn, crackers, melba toast Uncooked pasta, pasta salad, or potato salad with raw vegetables or eggs. All types of cooked and ready- to- eat cereals Cooked grains, rice, and pasta, such as noodles, macaroni, and spaghetti Cooked white or sweet potatoes and yams, French fries, tater tots, hash browns, etc. Dairy products. Foods to Choose. Foods to Avoid Pasteurized milk; fat- free milk, 2% milk, whole milk, buttermilk, or chocolate milk. Unpasteurized milk or yogurt Sour cream. Milkshakes made with non- commercial ice cream or made in a blender. Milkshakes using individual cartons of ice cream and milk, or homemade milkshakes. Yogurt or soft ice cream from a machine. Commercial eggnog. Eggnog made with raw eggs. Commercial supplements such as instant breakfast drinksliquid and powdered drinks. Yogurt and yogurt products made with live and active cultures. Commercial frozen milkshakes Refrigerated and frozen pasteurized whipped topping Cheese. Foods to Choose. Foods to Avoid. Commercially packaged cheese (for example, American, Swiss, Parmesan, mozzarella, cheddar)Unpasteurized and raw milk cheese Pasteurized cottage cheese, ricotta cheese. Cheeses with molds (for example, blue, Gorgonzola, Roquefort, and Stilton cheeses) Processed cheese (for example, Velveeta)Soft cheeses (for example, Brie, Camembert, feta, farmer cheese) Cheeses containing uncooked vegetables Mexican- style cheeses, such as queso fresco and queso blanco. Desserts (and other sweets)Foods to Choose. Foods to Avoid. Cakes, pies, and cookies. Cakes with raw nuts. Raw, un - baked cookie dough. Baked custard, pudding, and gelatin. Soft ice cream or yogurt from a machine. Commercial ice cream, sherbet, fruit ice, and Popsicles. Non- commercial or homemade ice cream or sherbet. Refrigerated cream- filled pastries and desserts. Cream filled pastries that are not refrigerated. Candy, including chocolate. Candy with raw nuts. Pasteurized honey and syrup Chewing gum Fats. Foods to Choose. Foods to Avoid. Butter or margarine. Avocado dressing. Cream cheese, sour cream, salad dressings, or mayonnaise. Fresh salad dressing containing aged cheese, raweggs, or fresh herbs Oil- all types Shortening used in cooking Non- dairy creamers Fruits and fruit juices (These foods may be restricted during severe neutropenia and during your hospital stay.)Foods to Choose. Foods to Avoid. Canned fruits and juices. All fresh fruits except those listed in the “Foods to Choose” column. Pasteurized frozen juices. Unwashed raw fruit. Pasteurized cider and apple juice. Unpasteurized fruit juices Thick- skinned fruits such as raw bananas, grapefruit, and oranges that are washed in cold water, and peeled by a nurse or family member Frozen fruits Dried fruits Meat (includes fish, poultry, dried beans, eggs, meat substitutes, and soups)Foods to Choose. Foods to Avoid. Well- cooked meats, beef, lamb, pork and pork products, poultry, game, fish, shellfish, hot dogs, sausage, bacon. Rare or medium rare cooked meat, fish, or poultry Canned tuna or chicken (with no raw vegetables)Stir- fried foods Cooked baked beans and all other cooked legumes, dried beans, casseroles, stews, and entr. High blood pressure, diet, and weight. HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE OVERVIEWHypertension (high blood pressure) is a common condition that can lead to serious complications if untreated. These complications can include stroke, heart failure, heart attack, and kidney damage. Making dietary changes and losing weight are effective treatments for reducing blood pressure . Other lifestyle changes that can help to reduce blood pressure include stopping smoking, reducing stress, reducing alcohol consumption, and exercising regularly. These changes are effective when used alone but often have the greatest benefit when used together (table 1). Many patients with hypertension will also require medications to lower their blood pressure to safe levels. An overview of hypertension and a discussion of treatments can be found elsewhere (see . More detailed information is available by subscription. The body requires a small amount of sodium in the diet. However, most people consume more sodium than they need. A low- sodium diet contains fewer than 2 grams (2. Reducing the amount of sodium you consume can lower blood pressure if you have high or borderline- high blood pressure. People who have more than two drinks per day have an increased risk of high blood pressure compared with nondrinkers. On the other hand, drinking one (for women) or two (for men) alcoholic beverages per day appears to benefit the heart in people greater than 4. This protective effect applies to people with preexisting high blood pressure. A strict vegetarian diet may not be necessary. The recommended amount of dietary fiber is 2. Many breakfast cereals are excellent sources of dietary fiber. More information about increasing fiber is available separately. Drinking a moderate amount of caffeine (less than 2 cups of coffee per day) does not increase the risk of high blood pressure in most people (table 2). Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan — The DASH eating plan combines many of the interventions noted above. It is high in fruits and vegetables, low- fat dairy, and fiber. Patients who strictly follow the DASH eating plan can also have fairly significant reductions in weight, particularly when combined with a low- sodium diet. To maintain this benefit, you must continue to exercise; stopping exercise will allow your blood pressure to become high again. The definition of overweight and obese are based upon a calculation called body mass index (BMI) (calculator 1 and calculator 2). A patient is said to be overweight if his or her BMI is greater than 2. BMI of 3. 0 or greater is said to be obese. People who are overweight or obese can see significant reductions in blood pressure with even modest weight loss. To lose weight, you must eat less and exercise more. Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) may increase blood pressure in some women. Additionally, any stimulant, including those found in some decongestants, weight loss products, and illicit drugs, can increase blood pressure. If you are regularly consuming any of these substances, you can talk to your health care provider about potential substitutions. WHAT IF I STILL HAVE HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE? If you continue to have high blood pressure despite making changes in your diet, exercising more, and losing weight, you may need a medication to reduce your blood pressure. Medications for high blood pressure are discussed separately. Related topics for patients, as well as selected articles written for health care professionals, are also available. Some of the most relevant are listed below. Patient level information — Up. To. Date offers two types of patient education materials. The Basics — The Basics patient education pieces answer the four or five key questions a patient might have about a given condition. These articles are best for patients who want a general overview and who prefer short, easy- to- read materials. Patient education: High blood pressure in adults (The Basics)Patient education: Controlling your blood pressure through lifestyle (The Basics)Patient education: Diabetes and diet (The Basics)Patient education: Renovascular hypertension (The Basics)Patient education: High blood pressure emergencies (The Basics)Beyond the Basics — Beyond the Basics patient education pieces are longer, more sophisticated, and more detailed. These articles are best for patients who want in- depth information and are comfortable with some medical jargon. Patient education: High blood pressure in adults (Beyond the Basics)Patient education: High blood pressure treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics)Patient education: Low- sodium diet (Beyond the Basics)Patient education: Risks and benefits of alcohol (Beyond the Basics)Patient education: High- fiber diet (Beyond the Basics)Patient education: Exercise (Beyond the Basics)Patient education: Weight loss treatments (Beyond the Basics)Professional level information — Professional level articles are designed to keep doctors and other health professionals up- to- date on the latest medical findings. These articles are thorough, long, and complex, and they contain multiple references to the research upon which they are based. Professional level articles are best for people who are comfortable with a lot of medical terminology and who want to read the same materials their doctors are reading. Ambulatory and home blood pressure monitoring and white coat hypertension in adults. Can therapy be discontinued in well- controlled hypertension? Cardiovascular risks of hypertension. Choice of drug therapy in primary (essential) hypertension. Definition, risk factors, and evaluation of resistant hypertension. Diet in the treatment and prevention of hypertension. Hypertension: Who should be treated? Initial evaluation of the hypertensive adult. Overview of hypertension in adults. Patient adherence and the treatment of hypertension. Prehypertension. Renin- angiotensin system inhibition in the treatment of hypertension. Salt intake, salt restriction, and primary (essential) hypertension. Blood pressure measurement in the diagnosis and management of hypertension in adults. Treatment of hypertension in blacks. Antihypertensive therapy to prevent recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack. Treatment of hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus. Treatment of hypertension in patients with heart failure. Treatment of hypertension in the elderly patient, particularly isolated systolic hypertension. Treatment of resistant hypertension. What is goal blood pressure in the treatment of hypertension? Evaluation of secondary hypertension. The following organizations also provide reliable health information. Our peer review process typically takes one to six weeks depending on the issue.
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